Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis

The Probability of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Introduction and Transmission in Western Java Poultry Chains: Linking Value Chains and Expert Estimates

Dikky Indrawan — 2024-03-31

In Indonesia, several poultry value chains exist in conjunction. The introduction and transmission routes of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) may differ between these different poultry chains. Consequently, critical areas for control may differ between the poultry value chains and the actors within these chains. However, there is no estimation of the relative importance of the different actors in the Indonesian poultry value chains regarding the probability of HPAI introduction and transmission. To fill this gap, qualitative risk assessments of HPAI introduction and transmission were employed and linked with a previously established value chain map of poultry production in Western Java. Introduction and transmission probability estimates were determined through expert knowledge elicitation. Expert elicitation is acquiring expert opinions on unclear subjects due to insufficient evidence, physical constraints, or resource limitations. Results indicated variable HPAI introduction and transmission risks in the different value chains in West Java, ranging from low to very high. Critical actors were all farming sectors, private collecting farms, traditional outlets, and semi-automated slaughterhouses. Linking the value chain with an expertise-based estimation for introduction and transmission is an efficient and systematic way to identify opportunities for control measures for developing countries.

Keywords: qualitative assessment, HPAI introduction and transmission, value chain map, HPAI, critical control

Unveiling The Mushroom Value Chain: Opportunities and Constraints in Partido District, Camarines Sur, Philippines

Jojie M. Rodriguez — 2024-03-31

The agribusiness sector in the Philippines faces costs, productivity, and crop yield challenges, with a persistent focus on traditional crops despite evidence supporting the potential of high-value crops. The objectives include identifying key actors, analyzing costs and returns at each stage, and uncovering constraints and opportunities within the mushroom value chain. A comprehensive methodology involving key informant interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and document reviews was employed to collect primary data from various stakeholders. The study reveals the diverse channels in the mushroom value chain, including direct sales to consumers, processing by farmers, and engagement with intermediaries like wholesalers. The value chain map visually depicts these relationships and interactions. Results highlight the roles of different actors, such as mushroom farmers, middlemen, retailers, and processors. The processor, often a farmer, emerges as the most profitable, benefiting from processed mushroom products with an extended shelf life. The study calculates the net profit margin for each actor, revealing the financial dynamics across the value chain. The study also discusses the constraints and opportunities faced by various value chain actors and concludes with policy recommendations to enhance the development of mushroom production in the district. Agribusiness managers can leverage the insights from this study to make informed decisions, develop strategic plans, and implement initiatives that capitalize on the oyster mushroom value chain's untapped potential, contributing to the agricultural sector's overall development in the Partido District and beyond.

Keywords: mushroom, oyster mushroom, value chain analysis, supply chain analysis

Impact of Climate Change on The Export of Palm Oil, Coffee Beans, and Cocoa Beans

Bhirawa Anoraga Purbantoro — 2024-03-31

Climate change is believed to impact the economy of a country. The production of food crop commodities is one of the activities that is negatively impacted by the climate change and the volume of exports. Palm oil, coffee beans, and cocoa beans are the agricultural sector's leading commodities with high competitiveness in international markets and contribute significantly to exporting countries' economies. This research aims to determine the impact of climate change (changes in the annual average temperature and total annual precipitation) on the exports of the three commodities. This study uses secondary data from various sources. The data were analyzed using panel data regression analysis. The result shows that temperature and precipitation variables have different effects on the three commodities. Temperature and precipitation variables have a significant adverse impact on coffee bean exports. In contrast, temperature and precipitation variables positively affect palm oil exports. Meanwhile, for cocoa beans, only the precipitation variable positively affects export. Adaptation action by introducing climate varietas is important to maintain future exports of those commodities.

Keywords: precipitation, panel data, leading commodities, climate change, agricultural sector's

The Impact of Credit Constraint on Productivity and Technical Efficiency of Sugarcane in Indonesia

Indah Maharani — 2024-03-31

Credit constraints on banks in the sugarcane plantation sector hinder efforts to achieve sugar self-sufficiency. Farmers' access to banking is often deemed difficult due to the dominance of small-scale farmers who lack collateral. In reality, farmers who successfully access banking sources also face constraints as the amount of credit received does not match the amount requested due to information imperfections between banks and farmers. Therefore, this research aims to identify the characteristics of farmers facing credit constraints, analyze the impact of credit constraints on productivity and technical efficiency, and identify the factors influencing technical inefficiency. The sample size consists of 4885 farmers who were then analyzed using ordinal probit regression, stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), total factor productivity (TFP), partial productivity, and propensity score matching (PSM) methods. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that land area and participation in agricultural organizations such as cooperatives and partnerships strengthen the degree of credit constraint. Meanwhile, land ownership and irrigated decrease the degree of credit constraint. The negative impact of credit constraints on productivity and technical efficiency is evident. Factors influencing technical efficiency include land status, land type, seed varieties, and participation in cooperatives and partnerships. This research has implications for bank policies that should not hinder farmers' access to banking services. This can be achieved by designing specific agricultural loans that view agriculture not as a risk but as a long-term investment.

Keywords: credit constraint, propensity score matching (PSM), stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), technical efficiency

Export Destinations Mapping of Indonesian Tea Products in The International Market

Fikri Aldi Dwi Putro — 2024-03-31

Indonesian tea products have become an export-oriented commodity. However, Indonesian tea products trade performance, particularly the exports, has shown a persistent decline for the last decade (2012–2021). Therefore, this study aims to analyse the competitiveness of Indonesia tea products export as well as map the export destinations for Indonesia tea products. This study employs secondary data regarding tea product export value from UN Comtrade during the 2012–2021 period with analysis using revealed comparative advantage (RCA), export product dynamic (EPD), and X-model potential export product. The RCA results suggest that Indonesian tea products exhibit an overall strong comparative advantage in the international market, albeit still lagging behind India. Additionally, Indonesia also exhibits a strong comparative advantage in all tea products, except tea extract and preparation products. The EPD results show that Indonesia possesses a competitive advantage in packaged black tea, bulk green tea, also tea extract and preparation products. The export destination mapping reveals the 28 potential destinations serving as the focus for Indonesian tea export expansion. These potential destinations are dominated by the non-traditional.

Keywords: tea products export, EPD, potential destinations, RCA, X-model potential export product

Indonesian Coffee Exports' Competitiveness and Determinants

Handian Purwawangsa — 2024-04-02

This study assesses the competitiveness of Indonesian coffee in relation to its primary global competitors - Brazil, Colombia, and Vietnam. Focusing on key export markets, including the United States, Japan, and Egypt, the research analyses factors influencing the demand for coffee exports. The study utilizes time series data (2004-2021) of coffee under HS code 090111 and applies Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), and the Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA-AIDS). Findings highlight Indonesian coffee's lower competitiveness, with Vietnam emerging as the top competitor. Additionally, demand determinants for Indonesian coffee have a smaller impact compared to those from other nations. Notably, Indonesian coffee exhibits price inelasticity in the U.S. market and high elasticity in Egypt. The study suggests strategies to improve competitiveness such as quality enhancement, product diversification, market access expansion through certification, and farmer capacity building to mitigate quality issues from green-picking practices.

Keywords: Indonesian coffee, coffee competitiveness, RCA, EPD, LA-AIDS

The Role of Digital Transformation in Moderating The Influence of Green Innovation Capability on Supply Chain Resilience and Competitive Advantage

Eduard Alfian Syamsya Sijabat — 2024-03-31

Digital transformation and breakthrough innovations that contain concern for the environment can answer the target of reducing logistics costs and regulatory provisions which ultimately become a source of excellence for companies and maintain company’s supply chain resilience. The aim is to explore digital transformation role and the ability to innovate in generating supply chain resilience and competitive advantage for companies. This research was conducted on 168 stevedoring service companies in 5 major Indonesian ports that are members of the Association of stevedoring companies in Indonesia. Data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires via Google Forms, and subsequently analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that companies with strong green innovation capabilities had higher supply chain resilience and competitive advantage. Digital transformation for companies weakens the ability to innovate green in gaining supply chain resilience as long as the breakthrough innovation made is not related to technology adaptation. Different results show that digital transformation strengthens the ability to innovate green and generate competitive advantages for companies. The findings of this study provide further evidence to support the theory of competitive advantage based on the resource-based view (RBV).

Keywords: stevedoring, digital transformation, green innovation, supply chain resilience, competitive advantage

The Impact of Entrepreneurial Motivation, Competency, and Orientation on Garlic Farming Performance in Sembalun District

Shabilla Uswatun Hasanah — 2024-04-02

Sembalun District is the center of garlic farming in East Lombok Regency and one of the areas with the highest garlic production in Indonesia. Garlic is a commodity with very high demand in Indonesia and continues to increase. However, this demand is primarily supported by imports. On the other hand, garlic farming has high risks due to dependence on the weather. Therefore, farmers must have good entrepreneurial skills to optimize the performance of their farming business. This research aims to determine the influence of entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurial competency, and entrepreneurial orientation on the business performance of garlic farmers in Sembalun District. The research uses primary data taken from 70 garlic farmers spread across five villages in Sembalun District. The analytical method used in this research is SEM PLS analysis with the help of SmartPLS software version 4.0. The research results show that (1a) pull motivation has a positive effect on entrepreneurial orientation; (1b) push motivation has a negative effect on entrepreneurial orientation; (1c) entrepreneurial competency has a positive impact on entrepreneurial orientation; (2a) pull motivation has a positive effect on farming business performance; (2b) push motivation has a negative effect on farming business performance; (2c) entrepreneurial competency has no impact on farming business performance; (3) entrepreneurial orientation has a positive effect on farming business performance.

Keywords: entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurial competency, entrepreneurial orientation, farming performance, garlic

The Roles of Smart Fertigation in Chili Farming

Netti Tinaprilla — 2024-04-02

Smart farming technology has been developed with Agriculture 4.0 to improve productivity and yield quality and solve challenges such as climate change, labor shortage due to regeneration difficulties, and resource efficiency. The objectives of this study were to analyze (1) the characteristics of farmers and chili production using smart fertigation and (2) the cost structure, revenue, profit, and efficiency. The study used primary data from interviews with 83 farmers in Central and East Java. Analytical methods included descriptive statistics, Cobb-Douglas production functions, and R/C. The results showed that smart fertigation farmers, who represented 2% of the total, had higher education (17 years), longer training (124 days), and significant participation in farmer groups (100%). The role of smart fertigation in chili production is to increase productivity (from 8.35 t/ha to 20.67 t/ha), reduce fertilizer use (from 26.730 t/ha to 8.540 t/ha) and reduce labor requirements from 748.17 HOK/ha to 609.33 HOK/ha. Despite the higher farm costs/ha with smart fertigation, the higher total revenue (due to increased productivity and selling price) results in higher profit and efficiency (R/C).

Keywords: smart fertigation, chili farming, adoption decisions, cost savings

Understanding Heterogeneity in Contract Farming Among Indonesian Sugarcane Farmers

Rizqi Imaduddin Hakim — 2024-03-31

The transformation of the agricultural value chain on the production side is illustrated by the increased engagement of small-scale farmers facilitated by agribusiness firms through contract farming agreements. It is believed that the varied ramifications of contract farming are influenced not solely by contextual and implementation disparities but also by variations in the attributes of participating farmers. The dataset utilized in this investigation was sourced from the 2014 Indonesian Household Plantation Survey, comprising information from 8816 sugarcane farmers. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were employed to categorize sugarcane farmers statistically and scrutinize the structure of sugarcane contract farming in Indonesia. Findings unveiled four distinct clusters of sugarcane farmers with discernible and significant dissimilarities in attributes. Contract farming is predominantly characterized by adult farmers with moderately sized self-owned land managed intensively and relatively favorable institutional access. Conversely, non-contract farming consists of adult farmers with small self-owned land working non-intensively and having limited institutional access.

Keywords: cluster analysis, contract farming, principal component analysis, sugarcane

Indonesian Soybean Import in International Trade

Faiz Ahmad Sibuea — 2024-03-31

Indonesia's reliance on soybean imports due to inadequate domestic production, understanding the multifaceted influence of macroeconomic conditions on soybean imports, and analyzing the factors driving import decisions alongside the effectiveness of existing import policies in ensuring supply security and promoting domestic production. Data collection consists of secondary data obtained from several sources such as the Ministry of Trade (KEMENDAG), the World Bank and UN Comtrade. The data analysis method used are descriptive and panel data regression analysis with the Gravity model. The result of the level soybean import that the United States occupies the first position as the largest soybean exporting country to Indonesia. The share of US soybean exports is very large in Indonesia, reaching 72% of all soybean imports in Indonesia.The results of the panel data regression analysis show that the variable of import tariff, import price and import restriction dummy significantly affect with importing value of Indonesian soybean in the world trade. In addition, exchange rate and economic distance don’t significantly affect with importing value soybean. Implementing Indonesia's soybean policy is expected to help achieve soybean self-sufficiency and reduce dependence on soybean imports from soybean producing countries in the world. The Indonesian government has issued policies namely expanding land, providing superior seeds and technology. The domestic government needs to implement a protection policy by implementing an entry tariff policy.

Keywords: soybean Indonesian, international trade, affecting imports, policy soybean, policy implementation

Business Development Strategy of “Healthfull” Brand Products Using SWOT-AHP Analyses

Belia Berliani Putri — 2024-04-02

In recent years, public awareness of adopting a healthy lifestyle has increased, as shown by the increase in fruit and vegetable consumption one of the business activities at PT. Hydroponics Padjadjaran Indonesia produces and sells cold-pressed juice and salad under the brand "Healthfull". “Healthfull” brand products face problems related to the number of sales. This research aims to determine alternative strategies and choose strategic priorities for the business development strategy of Healthfull brand products. Employing qualitative and quantitative research techniques, including IFE-EFE-IE, SWOT, and AHP analyses. The result of the IE matrix analysis shows that the company is in quadrant V, resulting in 8 alternative strategies formulated in the SWOT matrix, which are then analyzed using AHP to obtain strategic priorities. The results of the AHP analysis show that the strategic criteria for developing this business are increasing in sales volume (0.73) and strategic priority "increasing educational content regarding healthy food consumption through digital marketing on social media such as Instagram and Facebook" (0.163). Improving shelf life, targetting specific consumers, delivering products to store partners consistently, and providing discounts are the findings of this research.

Keywords: vegetable consumption, business development strategy, healthy lifestyle, strategic priorities

The Why and Who Facets of Strategic Horticulture Enterprise Systems

Meuthia Rachmaniah — 2024-03-31

Actual Indonesia's inflation rate is higher than the government's inflation target. One of the reasons is that the dataset for calculating food group inflation is asymmetric due to incomplete supply and demand data. This study tries to overcome asymmetric data constraints by providing an enterprise system for strategic horticultural commodities (SHES). The research method used the first three Zachman Framework perspectives: the executive perspective contextual view, the business management perspective conceptual view, and the architect's perspective physical view, each evaluated using the Why and Who facets. Respectively, the result of the Why facet is about business drivers and motivation intention: vision, mission, and goals; strategic goals and the SHES model's entity goals/objectives; and system development rules, requirements, and functionality representation. The Who facets results are associated with responsibility assignments of farmers, merchants, sub-district data collectors, District Agriculture offices, developers, users, and managers (tested using high-fidelity prototypes/mockups). With SHES, data and information collection becomes systematic and holistic, immediately in the form of real-time data from farmers and traders. Access to SHES uses the farmer's/trader's mobile phone. Thus, data recapitulation, from village to sub-district, district, to provincial and national, will likely be based on reality/data facts in the field.

Keywords: Why and Who facets, real-time data, strategic horticultural commodities, high-fidelity prototype, Zachman framework

Import Demand of Palm Oil From Indonesia in The Indian Market

Zainuddin bin Abdullah — 2024-03-31

Palm oil has occupied an important position in the world trade of edible oils. India is still very dependent on palm oil imports, including other vegetable oils, to meet the needs of cooking oil and palm-based food industries. This study uses an ARDL approach to examine several factors that affect the demand for palm oil imports (CPO and RPO) from Indonesia in the Indian market. In the long run, CPO imports in the Indian market are significantly affected by CPO prices, sunflower oil prices, soybean oil prices, import tariffs, real exchange rates, real income per capita, soybean oil production in India, and India's population. Indonesian RPO imports in the Indian market are also significantly influenced by import price, soybean oil price, import tariff, and total vegetable oil production in India. Indonesia should be able to capitalize on the Indian market as its demand for vegetable oil is increasing. The increasing size of the Indian market (although more protective) is a challenge for Indonesia to meet the demand for vegetable oil in the Indian market. Indonesia's industrial and trade policy should shift the structure of India's import demand from CPO to palm oil-based downstream semi-finished and final products.

Keywords: import demand, crude palm oil, refined palm oil, Indonesia, Indian market

Purchasing Behavior and Its Determinants Toward Chicken Eggs in Different Consumer Segments: Evidence From Indonesian Millennial and Z Generations

Emeralda Tria Kartika — 2024-03-31

As the demand for chicken eggs continues to increase, currently Indonesian consumers also have many choices in the decision to purchase good quality eggs in the context of type, quality and place of purchase of eggs. The diverse quality of egg products in the market shows that the Indonesian egg market is increasingly segmented. This research aims to analyze the purchasing behavior of chicken eggs and the factors influencing purchasing decisions in the millennial and Z generations as Indonesia's largest consumer segments. This research used primary data from both online and offline surveys of 365 respondents in Greater Jakarta. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and partial least squares-structural equation modeling. The results showed that the millennial generation tends to purchase eggs more in a month and consider nutritional value, while the Z generation tends to be price oriented. The results also showed that price, purchase location and consumer knowledge significantly positively affected egg purchase decision for both the millennial and Z consumer segments. In addition, millennial consumers also consider product qualities and lifestyle in their chicken egg purchase decision. A better understanding of consumer behaviour for chicken eggs among different segments is vital for marketers to efficiently meet the expected and dynamic consumer demand.

Keywords: chicken eggs, consumer segment, millennial generation, purchasing decisions, Z generation