Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infection of Swamp Buffalo in Banten Province, Indonesia: Prevalence, Risk Factor, and Its Impact on Production Performance
Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasitic infections cause economic losses in large ruminant’s production including swamp buffalo in tropical areas. The basic epidemiological data and impact of the infections in swamp buffaloes in Indonesia are very limited. A cross sectional study was conducted to measure the prevalence, to identify the risk factor, and to evaluate the impact of gastrointestinal parasites infection on production performance (BCS and girth) of swamp buffalo in five Sentra Peternakan Rakyat (SPR) in Banten Province, Indonesia. A total of 340 fecal samples were collected and examined microscopically using modified McMaster technique. The risk factors scrutinized in this study were sex, age, farming managements, and agroclimate. Infection was found in 128 buffaloes (37.65%) consisted of Nematodes, i.e. Toxocara (0.88%), Strongyles (8.24%), Trichuris (5.29%), Strongyloides (2.94%), and Coccidia of Eimeria (30%). Age of buffaloes was the only significant risk factor for the infection. The highest infection rate was occurred in the group of pre-weaned calves (63.83%) and the lowest was found in the adults (29.66%). Pre-weaned calve group was 8.519 and 8.435 times more likely to be infected with nematodes and protozoa, respectively. The Spearman correlation test showed that the girth was negatively low-correlated and significantly to the EPG of Toxocara vitulorum, the number of protozoa oocyst as well as the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections. BCS was not related to the infections. In conclusion, low prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections potentially reduce the production performance of swamp buffaloes in the SPRs of Banten Province, Indonesia.
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Dorny, P., V. Stoliaroff, J. Charlier, S. Meas, S. Sorn, B. Chea, D. Holl, D. Van Aken, & J. Vercruysse. 2010. Infections with gastrointestinal nematodes, Fasciola and Paramphistomum in cattle in Cambodia and their association with morbidity parameters. Vet. Parasitol. 175:293–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.10.023
Fitzpatrick, J. L. 2013. Global food security: the impact of veterinary parasites and parasitologists. Vet. Parasitol. 195:233–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.04.005
Gayatri, S. & M. Vaarst. 2015. The implementation of Indonesia’s beef self-sufficiency programme (BSSP) as seen from a farmer-family perspective. J. Rural Community Dev. 10:166–186.
Hendawy, S. H. M. 2018. Immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants: effector cell mechanisms and cytokines. J. Parasit. Dis. 42:471–482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-018-1023-x
Karim W., A. Farajallah, & B. Suryobroto. 2016. Exploration and prevalence of gastrointestinal worm in buffalo from West Java, Central Java, East Java and Lombok, Indonesia. Aceh J. Anim. Sci. 1:1–15. https://doi.org/10.13170/ajas.1.1.3566
Khan, M. N., M. S. Sajid, M. K. Khan, Z. Iqbal, & A. Hussain. 2010. Gastrointestinal helminthiasis: prevalence and associated determinants in domestic ruminants of district Toba Tek Singh, Punjab, Pakistan. Parasitol. Res. 107:787–794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-1931-x
Mamun, M. A. A., N. Begum, & M. M. H. Mondal. 2011. A coprological survey of gastro-intestinal parasite of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Kurigram district of Bangladesh. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9:103–109. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i1.8752
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of England. 1986. Manual of Veterinary Parasitological Laboratory Technique. Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London.
Munandar, F. Gustiar, Yakup, R. Hayati, & A. L. Munawar. 2015. Crop-cattle integrated farming system: an alternative of climate change mitigation. Med. Pet. 38:95–103. https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2015.38.2.95
Pasha, T. N., & Z. Hayat. 2012. Present situation and future perspective of buffalo production in Asia. JAPS. 22:250–256.
Rast, L., J. L. M. L. Toribio, N. K. Dhand, S. Khounsy, & P. A. Windsor. 2014. Why are simple control options for Toxocara vitulorum not being implemented by cattle and buffalo smallholder farmers in South-East Asia?. Preventive Vet. Med. 113:211–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.10.021
Satrija, F., Y. Ridwan, & E.B. Retnani. 2011. Efficacy of piperazine dihydrochloride against Toxocara vitulorum in buffalo calves. J.Vet.12:77–82
Tariq, K. A., M. Z. Chishti, & F. Ahmad. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematode infections in goats relative to season, host, sex and age from the Kashmir valley, India. J. Helminthol. 84:93–97. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X09990113
Taylor, M. A., R. L. Coop, & R. L. Wall. 2016. Veterinary Parasitology: 4th ed. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
Van Der Steen, L., B. Pardon, C. Sarre, B. Valgaeren, D. Van Hende, L. Vlamink, & P. Deprez. 2014. Intestinal obstruction by Toxocara vitulorum in a calf. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 83:299–305.
Van Wyk, J.A. & E. Mayhew. 2013. Morphological identification of parasitic nematode infective larvae of small ruminants and cattle: A practical lab guide. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 80:46–60. https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v80i1.539
Authors
NurhidayahN., SatrijaF., & RetnaniE. B. (2019). Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infection of Swamp Buffalo in Banten Province, Indonesia: Prevalence, Risk Factor, and Its Impact on Production Performance. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 42(1), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2019.42.1.6
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